轻度认知功能障碍与脑白质弥散张量成像的相关性研究

The study of the relationship between mild cognitive impairment and diffusion tensor imaging of white matter

摘要:

目的 通过磁共振弥散张量成像研究不同区域脑白质损害与轻度认知功能（MCI）的关系。方法 纳入2015年7月至2016年2月我院的住院患者56例为研究对象，其中MCI组34例，认知功能正常组22例。所有研究对象进行一般情况检查，完成神经心理学量表检测。通过头颅磁共振弥散张量成像（DTI）检查对不同脑区白质纤维进行部分各向异性（FA）值测量。结果 MCI组患者与认知功能正常组相比，右侧额叶FA值（0.335±0.068）、左侧颞叶白质FA值（0.391±0.032）及胼胝体膝部FA值（0.658±0.053）降低，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。将上述FA值和MMSE、MoCA量表中各认知域进行典型相关分析，结果显示右侧额叶白质FA值与注意与计算力呈正相关，左侧颞叶白质和胼胝体膝部FA值与记忆力呈正相关（P<0.05）。结论 MCI患者注意与计算力的障碍可能与右侧额叶白质损害有关，而左侧颞叶白质及胼胝体膝部白质的损害可能导致早期的记忆障碍。DTI可能成为超早期识别与诊断MCI的新方法。

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the association between mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and white matter damage in different brain regions using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).Methods A total of 56 patients who were hospitalized in our hospital from July 2015 to February 2016 were enrolled and divided into MCI group (34 patients) and normal cognitive function group (22 patients).Their general status was examined and neuropsychological scales were also used for evaluation.DTI was used to measure the fractional anisotropy (FA) values of white matter fibers in different brain regions.Results Compared with the normal cognitive function group,the MCI group had significant reductions in the FA values of the white matter in the right frontal lobe (0.335±0.068),the left temporal lobe (0.391±0.032),and the genu of corpus callosum (0.658±0.053)(P<0.05).A canonical correlation analysis was performed for the FA values above and cognitive domains in the Mini-Mental State Examination scale and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale;the results showed that the FA value of the white matter in the right frontal lobe was positively correlated with attention and calculation (P<0.05) and the FA values of the white matter in the left temporal lobe and the genu of corpus callosum were positively correlated with memory (P<0.05).Conclusions The impairment of attention and calculation in patients with MCI may be associated with white matter damage in the right frontal lobe,and white matter damage in the left temporal lobe and the genu of corpus callosum may cause early-stage memory disorder.DTI may be a new method for ultra-early identification and diagnosis of MCI.