老龄化对错误记忆影响的神经心理学研究

A neuropsychological study of the effect of aging on false memory

摘要:

目的 探讨老龄化对错误记忆的神经心理学影响，并对产生老年人错误记忆的神经心理学机制进行研究。方法 将60名教育程度相匹配的受试者分为青年组人（44岁及以下）、中年组（45～59岁）、老年组（60岁及以上），每组20名；采用图片诱发的和词汇诱发的错误记忆的实验范式（DRM范式）进行研究。结果 老年组图片诱发的错误记忆高于青年组、中年组，差异有统计学意义（P=0.000，P=0.000）。中年组词汇诱发的关键诱饵错误再认高于青年组、老年组，差异有统计学意义（P=0.001，P=0.000）。老年组词汇诱发的无关项目的错误再认高于中年组、青年组，中年组的高于青年组，这三组之间两两比较差异均有统计学意义（P=0.032，P=0.000，P=0.005）；且无关项目的错误再认和学习项目正确再认呈负相关（P=0.000）。结论 老龄化错误记忆的增加不仅与其本身记忆编码和提取功能减退有关，还可能与记忆监测的障碍有关。

Abstract:

Objective To explore the neuropsychological effect of aging on false memory, and to investigate the neuropsychological mechanism of formation of false memory in the elderly.Methods Sixty education-matched subjects were divided into young group (aged below 44 years), middle-aged group (aged between 45 and 59 years), and elderly group (aged above 60 years), with 20 subjects in each group. The experimental paradigm of picture-induced and word-induced false memory (Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm) was used in the study.Results The picture-induced false memory rate was significantly higher in the elderly group than in the young and middle-aged groups (both P=0.000). The rate of word-induced false recall of critical lures was significantly higher in the middle-aged group than in the young and elderly groups (P=0.001, P=0.000). The rate of word-induced false recall of irrelevant items was significantly higher in the elderly group than in the middle-aged and young groups, and the above rate was significantly higher in the middle-age group than in the young group (P=0.032, P=0.000, and P=0.005, respectively). The false recall of irrelevant items was negatively correlated with correct recall of studied items (P=0.000).Conclusions The increased aging-associated false memory is associated with impaired memory encoding and extraction functions and possibly with memory monitoring disorder.