非痴呆型血管性认知障碍的磁共振波谱成像研究进展

Research advances in magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with vascular cognitive impairment, no dementia

摘要:

血管性认知障碍（VCI）目前已成为老年人认知障碍的主要病因，其中，非痴呆型血管性认知障碍（VCIND）是VCI的初期阶段，具有可逆性。近年来，磁共振波谱（MRS）以其高分辨率、无创的特点，越来越广泛地应用于临床，成为了研究的热点。目前研究表明，VCIND患者的认知损害包括执行功能、视空间、感知功能、记忆力等几乎所有的主要认知域。MRS与认知量表的联合应用可提高VCIND的临床诊断的准确率。VCIND患者额叶、颞叶NAA/Cr降低较为明确，而丘脑仍需进一步研究。Cho在VCIND患者脑组织中的变化研究结果不甚一致。另外，MRS在M-aMCI与VCIND的鉴别中可起到重要的作用。关于VCIND的研究尚存在诸多问题，且结果差异较大，尚需进一步研究。

Abstract:

Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) has become the main cause of cognitive impairment in the elderly, and vascular cognitive impairment, no dementia (VCIND) is the initial stage of VCI which can be reversible. In recent years, magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is more and more widely used in clinical practice and has become a research focus due to its high resolution and noninvasiveness. Current studies have shown that cognitive impairment in patients with VCIND affects almost all major cognitive domains including executive function, visuospatial function, perceptual function, and memory. The combined application of MRS and cognitive scales can improve the accuracy in the clinical diagnosis of VCIND. In patients with VCIND, the decrease in NAA/Cr in the frontal and temporal lobes is definitive, but further study on the thalamus is needed. The research results of Cho on the changes in the brain tissue of patients with VCIND were not consistent. In addition, MRS may play an important role in the differentiation between M-aMCI and VCIND. However, there are still many problems in the study of VCIND and the results are inconsistent; therefore, further research is needed.