小胶质细胞参与自闭症谱系障碍的神经生物学机制

Neurobiological mechanism of microglial cells involved in autism spectrum disorder

摘要:

自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）病理机制复杂，神经与免疫系统功能异常在自闭症病理生理机制研究中占重要地位。小胶质细胞是中枢神经系统发育和内稳态不可缺少的协调者。遗传或环境因素导致胎儿及发育早期小胶质细胞介导的突触修剪和免疫反应异常的病理改变，可能参与ASD的发病过程。本文重点从小胶质细胞参与自闭症的突触修剪、神经免疫相关文献作一综述，探讨小胶质细胞参与ASD的神经生物学机制和潜在的治疗靶点。

Abstract:

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has complex pathological mechanisms, and dysfunction of the nervous system and the immune system has great significance in the research on the pathological and physiological mechanisms of autism. Microglial cells play an important role in coordinating the development of the central nervous system and homeostasis. Genetic or environmental factors may lead to abnormal synaptic pruning and immune response mediated by microglial cells in fetal period and early development, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of ASD. This article reviews the research on the involvement of microglial cells in synaptic pruning and neuroimmunology in autism and discusses the neurobiological mechanism of microglial cells involved in ASD and potential treatment targets.