外泌体应用于创伤性脑损伤诊断及治疗的研究进展

Research progress in application of exosomes in diagnosis and treatment of traumatic brain injury

摘要:

创伤性脑损伤（TBI）是常见的致残和死亡原因，已经成为世界性的公共卫生问题。当前对于TBI的诊断主要依赖于完整的病史、体格检查和影像学检查，传统的实验室检测很少发挥作用。外泌体作为细胞分泌的囊泡，含有大量亲代细胞的信息物质，是细胞间通讯的重要组成部分。得益于其穿过血脑屏障（BBB）的能力，外泌体用于TBI的诊断具有非常大的潜力。当前用于TBI的主要治疗方式包括外科手术、康复训练和有限的自发功能恢复，尚无明确有效药物治疗方案。越来越多的研究证明，外泌体能够调节TBI后炎症，促进神经、血管再生和维持血脑屏障完整性，从而改善TBI预后。该文旨在对外泌体应用于TBI诊断及治疗的最新研究进展进行综述。

Abstract:

Traumatic brain injury (TBI), a common cause of disability and death, has been a worldwide public health problem. Currently, the diagnosis of TBI mainly depends on complete medical history, physical examination, and radiological examination, and conventional laboratory tests rarely play a role. Exosomes, acting as important components of intercellular communication, are cell-derived vesicles containing information of parental cells. With the capacity of crossing the blood-brain barrier, exosomes hold substantial promise for diagnosing TBI. At present, the main treatment modalities for TBI include surgical operation, rehabilitation training, and limited spontaneous functional recovery, but there is no clear and effective medication. More and more studies have shown that exosomes can regulate inflammation after TBI, promote neurovascular regeneration, and maintain the integrity of the blood-brain barrier, thus improving the prognosis of TBI. This article reviews the latest research progress in the application of exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of TBI.