新生儿颅内出血研究进展

Research advances in neonatal intracranial hemorrhage

摘要:

新生儿期和婴儿期早期是脑发育的关键窗口期，也是颅内出血（ICH）的风险期，其严重程度可分为一般、良性到潜在破坏性。ICH作为新生儿神经系统的常见疾病，以脑室周围-脑室内出血（PVH-IVH）最常见，且病情进展迅速，致死、致残率较高。随着当今医学的快速发展，危重儿抢救成功率得到大幅提高，但ICH仍然是新生儿科面临的巨大难题。减少疾病发生率、改善患儿预后，掌握新生儿ICH的临床特征，了解ICH发生的危险因素，以及采取有效的预防措施都是至关重要的。现将国内外新生儿ICH原因及高危因素等研究现状总结如下，以提高人们对新生儿ICH的正确认识，并帮助医学判断与处理。

Abstract:

The neonatal period and early infancy are critical windows for brain development， but with a high risk of intracranial hemorrhage （ICH）， which can range from general and benign to potentially destructive in severity. ICH is a common neurological disease in neonatology， with periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage as the most common type， and the disease is characterized by rapid progression and high mortality and disability rates. With the rapid development of medicine in recent years， there has been a significant increase in the rescue success rate of critically ill children， but ICH is still a major problem in neonatology. It is of great importance to reduce the incidence rate of the disease， improve the prognosis of children， master the clinical features of neonates with ICH， understand the risk factors for ICH， and adopt effective preventive measures. This article reviews the current status of research on the causes of neonatal ICH and related high-risk factors， in order to improve the understanding of neonatal ICH and facilitate medical judgment and treatment.