凋亡小体作为靶向递送载体在胶质母细胞瘤诊断及治疗中的研究进展

Research advances in apoptotic bodies as targeted delivery vehicles in diagnosis and treatment of glioblastoma multiforme

摘要:

胶质母细胞瘤（GBM）恶性程度高，预后较差。对于治疗GBM的某些药物而言，血脑屏障（BBB）的高限制性和复杂性是其进入大脑的阻碍。细胞外囊泡（EVs）是一种来源于细胞的纳米级囊泡结构，其中的外泌体和微泡已被证实具有很高的生物屏障渗透性。因此，EVs已经被用作非侵入性药物的递送载体来治疗GBM。凋亡小体（AB）是一类特殊的EVs，由凋亡细胞释放，相比微泡和外泌体，制备AB更加可控和简便。然而，AB的应用价值迄今尚未得到充分探索。该文概述了AB作为药物递送载体，克服BBB并靶向治疗GBM的研究现状，其体现出低毒性、低免疫原性和可控性的特点。

Abstract:

Glioblastoma multiforme （GBM） has a high degree of malignancy and a poor prognosis. For some drugs used to treat GBM， the highly restrictive and complex features of the blood-brain barrier （BBB） prevents them from entering the brain. Extracellular vesicles （EVs） are cell-derived nanoscale vesicle structures， among which exosomes and microvesicles have been shown to have high biological barrier permeability. Therefore， EVs have been used as noninvasive drug delivery vehicles for the treatment of GBM. Apoptotic bodies （AB） are a special type of EVs released by apoptotic cells， and compared with microvesicles and exosomes， the preparation of AB is more controllable and convenient. However， the application value of AB has not been fully explored so far. This article reviews the current status of research on the potential of AB as a drug delivery vehicle to overcome the BBB and treat GBM as targeted therapy， with the characteristics of low toxicity， low immunogenicity， and controllability.