创伤性脑损伤的动物模型研究进展

Research advances in animal models of traumatic brain injury

摘要:

创伤性脑损伤（TBI）是世界范围内主要的致死及致残因素之一，目前的治疗效果还不太理想，精准诊断和有效治疗是目前的难点。TBI产生原因、病理变化及致病机制复杂，借助动物模型模拟疾病发生和发展过程是研究TBI的有效方法，而合适的病理动物模型选择是关键。既往已有多种动物模型用来模拟人类TBI的发生和病情进展，不同TBI动物模型各有特点，其中啮齿类动物模型应用更为广泛。该文聚焦以鼠类动物TBI为主的几种常见模型，梳理了近年来这些模型的建立、优化和应用情况，以期为TBI的机制和新治疗策略研究提供借鉴。

Abstract:

Traumatic brain injury （TBI） is one of the main causes of death and disability worldwide. Current treatment outcomes remain unsatisfactory， and precise diagnosis and effective treatment remain major challenges. TBI has complex causes， pathological changes， and pathogenic mechanisms， and animal models are an effective way to study TBI by simulating disease development and progression， while it is crucial to select appropriate pathological animal models. Various animal models have been used in the past to simulate the development and progression of human TBI， and different TBI animal models have their own characteristics， among which rodents are the most widely used animal model. This article focuses on several commonly used murine animal models for TBI and reviews the establishment， optimization， and application of these models in recent years， in order to provide a reference for research on the mechanism and new treatment strategies for TBI.