脑机接口在帕金森病中的应用进展

Advances in the Application of Brain-Computer Interfaces in Parkinson''s Disease

摘要:

脑机接口（BCI）作为一种新兴的神经工程技术，通过采集和解码大脑神经活动，将其转化为控制指令，实现人脑与外部设备的直接交互，在帕金森病领域，BCI技术主要沿着闭环自适应脑深部电刺激（aDBS）系统和基于脑电图的神经反馈和康复训练系统两条技术路径发展。在侵入式BCI中，闭环aDBS已进入临床应用阶段，通过实时记录神经活动动态调整刺激参数，较传统开环刺激在疗效、副作用和能效方面展现出显著优势。在非侵入式BCI中，神经反馈、运动想象训练和认知康复为患者提供了安全、便携、可居家实施的康复选择。本文系统综述了脑机接口在帕金森病中的主要应用进展，评估了各应用方向的疗效与局限性，探讨了当前面临的技术、临床和伦理挑战，并对未来发展趋势进行了展望。

Abstract:

As an emerging neural engineering technology, the brain-computer interface (BCI) acquires and decodes neural activity to convert it into control commands, enabling direct interaction between the human brain and external devices. In the field of Parkinson''s disease (PD), BCI technology has primarily developed along two pathways: closed-loop adaptive deep brain stimulation (aDBS) systems and EEG-based neurofeedback and rehabilitation training systems. In invasive BCI, closed-loop aDBS has entered clinical application. By recording neural activity in real time to dynamically adjust stimulation parameters, it offers significant advantages over traditional open-loop stimulation in terms of therapeutic efficacy, side effects, and energy efficiency. In non-invasive BCI, neurofeedback, motor imagery training, and cognitive rehabilitation provide patients with safe, portable, and home-based rehabilitation options. This article systematically reviews the major advances in the application of BCIs in Parkinson''s disease, evaluates the efficacy and limitations of each application direction, discusses current technical, clinical, and ethical challenges, and provides perspectives on future development trends.